1st half day
Introduction to biofuels
- 1st generation biofuels such as ethanol and fatty acid methyl esters, the current default solutions for blending in gasoline and diesel, respectively, to achieve mandate compliance
- Hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO) for diesel blending from the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, used cooking oils, animal fats and other waste feeds.
- Coprocessing of vegetable oils in refinery units such as HDS units
2nd half day
Practical and technology aspects of the hydrotreating processes and coprocessing of vegetable oils including engineering challenges
Advanced biofuels
- Cellulosic ethanol and butanol
- Gasification of biomass to methanol
- Gasification with Fischer Tropsch to BTL
- Introduction to e-fuels from FischerTropsch processes, to methanol, and to ammonia
- Renewables legislation and subsidies, especially in USA and EU
3rd half day
Advanced biofuels (continued)
- Sustainable aviation fuels
- Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH2)
- Lanzatech’s conversion of carbon rich flue gases to ethanol
- Alcohol routes to renewable jet and diesel
- Pyrolysis oil from biomass and from waste plastics
- Hydrothermal liquefaction
- Algae as a CO2 sink to produce lipids as sustainable substitutes for vegetable oils
Practical worked examples on technoeconomic evaluations of manufacturing routes, especially of the biofuel processes
4th half day
E-fuels: in depth discussion of the various e-fuels and routes
- Technology maturity assessment, scale-up risks, TRL
- Requirements / options for integration of technologies into existing production routes
- Green electricity: basic options, cost projections, associated risks & uncertainties
- For carbon-based materials: sourcing of (green) CO2 feedstocks (options, issues & technologies)
- Basic economic assessments, including projections on expected costs and their evolution
- Projected market potential of products in e-fuels
5th half day
Mandates and biofuels incentives
Feedstock availability
Technology readiness levels (TRL)
Carbon intensity of routes
Recap of main messages and closure