1st day – Introduction to biofuels & Advanced biofuels
- 1st generation biofuels such as ethanol and fatty acid methyl esters, the current default solutions for blending in gasoline and diesel, respectively, to achieve mandate compliance
- Hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO) for diesel blending from the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, used cooking oils, animal fats and other waste feeds.
- Coprocessing of vegetable oils in refinery units such as HDS units
Practical and technological aspects of the hydrotreating processes and coprocessing of vegetable oils including engineering challenges:
- Cellulosic ethanol and butanol
- Gasification of biomass to methanol
- Gasification with Fischer Tropsch to BTL
- Introduction to e-fuels from FischerTropsch processes, to methanol, and to ammonia
- Renewables legislation and subsidies, especially in USA and EU
2nd day – Advanced biofuels & E-fuels: in depth discussion of the various e-fuels and routes
Practical worked examples on technoeconomic evaluations of manufacturing routes, especially of the biofuel processes:
- Sustainable aviation fuels
- Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH2)
- Lanzatech’s conversion of carbon rich flue gases to ethanol
- Alcohol routes to renewable jet and diesel
- Pyrolysis oil from biomass and from waste plastics
- Hydrothermal liquefaction
- Algae as a CO2 sink to produce lipids as sustainable substitutes for vegetable oils
- Technology maturity assessment, scale-up risks, TRL
- Requirements / options for integration of technologies into existing production routes
- Green electricity: basic options, cost projections, associated risks & uncertainties
- For carbon-based materials: sourcing of (green) CO2 feedstocks (options, issues & technologies)
- Basic economic assessments, including projections on expected costs and their evolution
- Projected market potential of products in e-fuels